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SIMPLE PRESENT,
SIMPLE PAST and SIMPLE FUTURE
The active
object becomes the passive subject.
am/is/are
+ past participle
was/were
+ past participle
will + be
+ past participle
is/are going
to be + past participle
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Simple Present Active:
The movie fascinates me.
The movie bores Jack.
The movie surprises them.
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Simple Present Passive:
I am fascinated
by the movie.
Jack is bored
by the movie.
They are surprised
by the movie.
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Simple Past Active:
The movie bored me.
The movie fascinated Jack.
The movie surprised them.
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Simple Past Passive:
I was bored by the
movie.
Jack was fascinated
by the movie.
They were surprised
by the movie.
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Future with WILL Active:
I will mail the gift.
Jack will mail the
gifts. |
Future with WILL Passive:
The gift will be
mailed by me.
The gifts will be mailed
by Jack. |
Future with GOING TO Active:
I am going to make the
cake.
Sue is going to make
two cakes. |
Future with GOING TO Passive:
The cake is going to be
made by me.
Two cakes are going to
be made by Sue. |
PRESENT
and PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)
Passive
form:
am/is/are
+ being + past participle
was/were
+ being + past participle
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Present Continuous
Active:
I am helping Shannon.
June is helping Su
and Ling. |
Present Continuous
Passive:
Shannon is being helped
by me.
Su and Ling are being
helped by June. |
Past Continuous Active:
I was cleaning the bathroom.
They were cleaning
the bedroom.
Susan was cleaning
the kitchen and patio. |
Past Continuous Passive:
The bathroom was being
cleaned by me.
The bedroom was being
cleaned by them.
The kitchen and patio were
being cleaned by Susan. |
PRESENT
PERFECT, PAST PERFECT and FUTURE PERFECT
Passive
form:
have/has
been + past participle
had
been + past participle
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Present Perfect Active:
I have mailed the postcard.
Jason has mailed the postcards.
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Present Perfect Passive:
The postcard has been mailed
by me.
The postcards have
been mailed by Jack.
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Past Perfect Active:
Steven Spielberg had directed
the movie.
Penny Marshall had directed
those movies. |
Past Perfect Passive:
The movie had been
directed by Steven Spielberg.
The movies had been
directed by Penny Marshall. |
Future Perfect Active:
John will have finished
the project next month.
They will have finished
the projects before then. |
Future Perfect Passive:
The project will have beenfinished
by next month.
The projects will have
been finished before then. |
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PRESENT/FUTURE
MODALS
The passive
form follows this pattern:
modal +
be + past participle
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WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT) Active:
Sharon will invite Tom
to the party.
Sharon won't invite Jeff
to the party.
(Sharon will not invite
Jeff to the party.)
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WILL / WON'T (WILL NOT) Passive:
Tom will be invited
to the party by Sharon.
Jeff won't be invited
to the party by Sharon.
(Jeff will not be
invited to the party by Sharon.)
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CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT) Active:
Mai can foretell the future.
Terry can't foretell the
future.
(Terry can not foretell
the future.)
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CAN / CAN'T (CAN NOT) Passive:
The future can be foretold
by Mai.
The future can't be foretold
by Terry.
(The future can not be
foretold by Terry.)
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MAY / MAY NOT and
MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Active:
That company may offer
Katya a new contract.
That company might offer
Katya a new contract.
The lazy students may not do
the homework.
The lazy students might not
do the homework.
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MAY / MAY NOT and
MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Passive:
Katya may be offered
a new contract.
Katya might be offered
a new contract.
The homework may not bedone
by the lazy students.
The homework might not
be done by the lazy students. |
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SHOULD / SHOULDN'T Active:
Students should memorize
English verbs.
Children shouldn't smoke
cigarettes.
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SHOULD / SHOULDN'T Passive:
English verbs should be
memorized by students.
Cigarettes shouldn't be
smoked by children.
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OUGHT TO Active:
Students ought to learn
English verbs.
(negative ought to is rarely
used)
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OUGHT TO Passive:
English verbs ought to bememorized
by students.
(negative ought to is rarely
used)
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HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT
Active:
Students had better practice English
every day.
Children had better not drink
whiskey.
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HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT
Passive:
English had better be practiced
every day by students.
Whiskey had better not be
drunk by children.
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MUST / MUST NOT Active:
Tourists must apply for
a passport to travel.
Customers must not use
that door.
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MUST / MUST NOT Passive:
A passport to travel must
be applied for.
That door must not be used
by customers.
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HAS TO / DOESN'T HAVE TO and
HAVE TO / DON'T HAVE TO Active:
She has to practice English
every day.
Maria doesn't have to clean
her bedroom every day.
Sara and Miho have to wash
the dishes every day.
The kids don't have to clean
their bedrooms every day.
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HAS TO / DOESN'T HAVE TO and
HAVE TO / DON'T HAVE TO Passive:
English has to be
practiced every day.
Her bedroom doesn't have to
be cleaned every day.
The dishes have to be washed
by them every day.
Their bedrooms don't have to
be cleaned every day.
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BE SUPPOSED TO Active:
I am supposed to type the
composition.
I am not supposed to copy
the stories in the book.
Janet is supposed to clean
the living room.
She isn't supposed to eat
candy and gum.
Frank and Jane are supposed
to make tonight's dinner.
They aren't supposed to make dessert.
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BE SUPPOSED TO Passive:
The composition is supposed
to be typed by me.
The stories in the book are
not supposed to be copied.
The living room is supposed
to be cleaned by Janet.
Candy and gum aren't supposed
to be eaten by her.
Tonight's dinner is supposed
to be made by them.
Dessert isn't supposed to be
made by them.
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PAST MODALS
The past
passive form follows this pattern:
modal +
have been + past participle
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SHOULD HAVE / SHOULDN'T HAVE
Active:
The students should have learned
the verbs.
The kids shouldn't have broken
the window.
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SHOULD HAVE / SHOULDN'T HAVE
Passive:
The verbs should have been
learned by the students.
The window shouldn't have been
broken by the kids.
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OUGHT TO Active:
Students ought to have learned
the verbs.
(negative ought to is rarely
used)
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OUGHT TO Passive:
The verbs ought to have been
learned by the students.
(negative ought to is rarely
used)
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BE SUPPOSED TO Active:
I was supposed to type
the composition.
I wasn't supposed to copythe
story in the book.
Janet was supposed to clean
the living room.
She wasn't supposed to eat
candy and gum.
Frank and Jane were supposed
to make dinner.
They weren't supposed to make
dessert.
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BE SUPPOSED TO Passive:
The composition was supposed
to be typed.
The story in the book wasn't
supposed to be copied.
The living room was supposed
to be cleaned by Janet.
Candy and gum weren't supposed
to be eaten by her.
Dinner was supposed to be
made by them.
Dessert wasn't supposed to
be made by them.
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MAY / MAY NOT and
MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Active:
That firm may have offered
Katya a new job.
That firm might have offered
Katya a new job.
The students may not have written
the paper.
The students might not have
written the paper.
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MAY / MAY NOT and
MIGHT / MIGHT NOT Passive:
Katya may have been offered
a new job by that firm.
Katya might have been
offered a new job by that firm.
The paper may not have been
written by the students.
The paper might not have been
written by the students.
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